|
The Christian persecution of paganism under Theodosius I began in 381, after the first couple of years of his reign as co-emperor in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. In the 380s, Theodosius I reiterated Constantine's ban on pagan sacrifice, prohibited haruspicy on pain of death, pioneered the criminalization of magistrates who did not enforce anti-pagan laws, broke up some pagan associations and destroyed pagan temples. Between 389 and 391 he issued the "Theodosian decrees," which established a practical ban on paganism;〔 visits to the temples were forbidden,〔〔 remaining pagan holidays abolished, the sacred fire in the Temple of Vesta in the Roman Forum extinguished, the Vestal Virgins disbanded, auspices and witchcrafting punished. Theodosius refused to restore the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, as requested by pagan Senators. In 392 he became emperor of the whole empire (the last one to be so). From this moment until the end of his reign in 395, while pagans remained outspoken in their demands for toleration,〔〔 he authorized or participated in the destruction of many temples, holy sites, images and objects of piety throughout the empire〔〔〔 in actions by Christians against major pagan sites. He issued a comprehensive law that prohibited any public pagan ritual,〔 and was particularly oppressive of Manicheans.〔 He is likely to have suppressed the Ancient Olympic Games, whose last record of celebration is from 393.〔 ==Initial tolerance (379–381)== Theodosius I, who initially reigned only in the east as co-emperor, had been relatively tolerant towards pagans in the early part of his reign.〔Theodosian Code 12.1.112.〕 He is known to have appointed various pagans to office in the earlier part of his reign. For example, he appointed the pagan Eutolmius Tatianus as the praetorian prefect of Egypt. For the first part of his rule, Theodosius seems to have ignored the semi-official standing of the Christian bishops. In fact, he had voiced his support for the preservation of temples or pagan statues as useful public buildings. In his early reign, Theodosius was fairly tolerant of the pagans, for he needed the support of the influential pagan ruling class. However, he would in time stamp out the last vestiges of paganism with great severity.〔.〕 Theodosius I's relative tolerance for other religions is also indicated by his later order (in 388) for the reconstruction of a Jewish synagogue at Callicinum in Mesopotamia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christian persecution of paganism under Theodosius I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|